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Rejuvenating PCM:Pulse Code Modulation This article consists the very basic of PCM(Pulse Code Modulation).i.e foundation for Telecom Networks. The pulse code...
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March 26, 2025
If SDH is based on node and signal synchronization, why do fluctuations occur?Very general question for a Optics beginner. The...
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March 26, 2025
SDH/SONET:Maintenance and Performance Events We know SDH/SONET is older technology now but just have a glimpse for the revision of...
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March 26, 2025
A defect is understood as any serious or persistent event that holds up the transmission service. SDH defect processing reports...
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March 26, 2025
Transparency here is transmission over network without altering original property of the client signal. G.709 defines the OPUk which can...
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March 26, 2025
Tandem Connection Monitoring (TCM) Tandem system is also known as cascaded systems. SDH monitoring is divided into section and path...
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March 26, 2025
Actually SPE(synchronous payload envelope) can start anywhere within the SONET payload, which necessitates the need for a pointer to point to...
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March 26, 2025
FEC codes in optical communications are based on a class of codes know as Reed-Solomon. A Reed-Solomon code is specified as RS (n, k), which means...
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March 26, 2025
“In analog world the standard test message is the sine wave, followed by the two-tone signal for more rigorous tests. ...
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March 26, 2025
The Bit Error Ratio (BER) is often specified as a performance parameter of a transmission system, which needs to be...
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March 26, 2025
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